Journal of Al-qadisiya in arts and educational sciense

This paper deals with "The Crisis of Hybrid Identity in Derek Walcott's " The Schooner Flight"". Identity can be defined as the perception of one's self which permits individuals to identify where and with whom they fit socially, thus it encourages questions like "Who Am I? What am I? Who are you? What are you?". In the twentieth century the issue of national and regional identity takes on great importance in Caribbean poetry . Derek Walcott, among many others have attempted to define the particularity of individual nations or of the Caribbean region as a whole, creating a meta-narrative of identity and a peculiar "Caribbean discourse". The paper focuses on the longest and most representative poem of Derek Walcott's poetry " The Schooner Flight". This poem which is concerned with the search for identity is about a West Indian sailor called Shabine. He is a man of the folk who serves as Walcott's mask since he is of mixed European and African blood, like Walcott himself. He can also be taken as representative of the West Indian people as a whole rather than just of his alter ego Walcott for he embodies a variety of r racial and ethnic admixture. By introducing his celebrated statement of identity "I have Dutch, nigger, and English in me,/ and either I'm nobody or I'm a nation" (CP,346), Shabine stakes a claim not only for himself as individual, but also for the West Indian people; that they are certainly a nation, and a people in the true sense of the word.

This research aims to evaluate the physics books for the secondary stage according to the total quality standards. To achieve the aim of the research, the researcher built a tool including comprehensive total quality standards, consisting of initial (6) key criteria of wich (105) sub-standard emerged, to verify their truthfulness they have been displayed on experts and specialists, in the physical sciences and the competence of teaching methods of physics and teaching methods of biology and psychology, and some administrators and teachers in high school who made a number of observations , deleted and added and reworked some of the criteria and, thus The tool (6) key criteria are (Quality standards objectives, content quality standards, quality standards activities, fees and quality standards confusion, questions quality standards, quality standards for art direction for the book) This gives rise to (110) sub-standards . Researcher began analyzing Physics books for the secondary stage For the academic year (2012 - 2013) , straightened according to the list of criteria prepared by the researcher to verify the extent included physics books, And using Holisty equation, the researcher calculates reliability coefficient analysis in two ways, First between the researcher and the same over time reaching (0.88) and the second way between researcher and analyst last coefficient stability (0.82) . After evaluating the books in the light of the list of criteria for this purpose researcher reached the following results : -
1 - Most physics books for the secondary stage achieved a comprehensive total quality standards as compared with the critcal ratio (0.70) .
2 – Physics’book for sixth stage (secondary stage) is the most scientific investigation to comprehensive total quality standards and by (0.90).
3 - Physics’book for the first stsage (secondary stage) did not achieve overall total quality standards the achieved ratio (0.64) is unacceptable educationally as compared with critcal ratio (0.70).
4- Quality standard objectiving was the lowest one in achive into the physics’books of the secondary stage if compared with other quality standards.
5 - Quality standards for art was the higest one as compared with other quality standards.
In light of these results came out a number of researcher recommendations and a number of suggestions .

This paper aims at manifesting the role of Discourse Analysis in English Language Teaching from a Functional Perspective. Most of the research to date has been concerned with discourse analysis as an alternative method for understanding language cognition process. In this paper the concern will be on how functional properties of sentential elements (interrogatives will be taken as an example) act as prompts to hearers in different contexts, to facilitate the integration of on-line information. In addition, discourse analysis is a methodological tool, which easily lends itself to the investigation of the functional properties of talk, developmental process as well as discrimination by identifying social attitudes and ideologies responsible for observed linguistic patterns. Most teachers have a tendency to teach language in isolation with its use. As a result, the context is lacking and when it is time to practice the things they have learned in real life situations the students fail to use the language and find it difficult to recognize the function of the utterance guided by the speaker.

Lawrence is said to be a writer who, while writing, goes deeper into the human mind and soul. For those who charge him of obscenity and those who think that he calls for the practice of sex as such, a word of caution is necessary. Lawrence’s concept of love and sex is based on the rationalisation of both and directing them towards supreme and legal purposes of pre-creation. He, in fact, identifies the deeper psychological needs of human beings to combine the mental and bodily, spiritual, and physical properties for the sake of achieving a real humanitarian sense of love and sex. Though most of the books on Lawrence have tackled this issue, this study has approached it from both a psychological and educational perspective.

Language is a powerful tool in the hands of a poet. Punctuation marks (symbols or signs used to make the writer’s meaning clear) are the tool one can use to talk to the reader and draw his/her attention to specific points. Punctuation marks are important syntactically and semantically; since each one has its own uses and meanings. Their oddness and unconventional use by some poets such as Cummings, Blake, and Pound helps them to color their poems with special aspects and serves them to convey various meanings. Naturally, stylistics is the science through which the use of language in literature can be dealt with.

Over successive historical eras, the East
witnessed the influx of great numbers of
European travelers who tried their best to
unravel its talismans and secrets. The East
always represented mystery and magic for
the Europeans. Despite the numerous studies
that tackles the European travelers, they
neglected important and basic sides of these
travels, especially the development of the
concept of the East in the European thought.
In addition, these studies lacked a
comprehensive view because of the difficulty
to access all the travels and the intermingling of the studies over the successive periods;
hence, there arose the importance of the
present study.
The study, which draws heavily on
original sources, falls into an introduction
and three sections which deal with these
travels respectively. The sections begin
tackling the pioneers who started the
exploration of the East – the mysterious
world – through the interest in the universe
and its philosophy. Then, they move to the
development of the European thought, viz.
the Middle Ages , or the age of faith, during
which the East became an enemy and a
competitor after the spread of the Arab
Islamic civilization; thence, appeared the
East/West ideology that is related to the
self/other binarism. The third phase dealt
with in the sections of the study is that which
tackles the East as an arena of the political,
economic, and religious competition.
European travelers of various backgrounds,
nationalities , and objectives started roaming
the East; politics intermingled with religion
and exploration. Each phase is characterized
by specific features represented partially by
the travellors.

In this paper three important tasks have been looked at: presenting the relationship between language and society from the sociolinguistic perspective in non-native and developing countries; the impact of culture and other social factors on the communication of people in those countries; and the nature of English language communication across cultures as being difficult or easy. Drawing on examples from some references in sociolinguistics and public discourse in those countries, many sociolinguistic features have been highlighted which will be invaluable for researchers wishing to understand the many different factors that underlie the shaping of the nature of sociolinguistic features and English language uses in those non-native and developing countries. The following paragraphs address the above three tasks so evidently and finally highlight the conclusions of this paper.